The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 awarded to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton “for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks.”

Hopfield created a structure that can store and reconstruct information. Hinton invented a method that can independently discover properties in data and which has become important for the large neural networks now in use.

• The youngest Nobel Laureate in Physics is Lawrence Bragg, who was 25 years old.
• Two women Nobel Laureate in Physics are :  Marie Curie and Maria Goeppert-Mayer.
• John Bardeen is the only person who has received the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. Marie Curie awarded the Nobel Prize twice, once in Physics and once in Chemistry.

FACTS AND FIGURES

Alfred Nobel

                (1833-1896), the inventor of dynamite and holder of 355 patents, established the Nobel Prizes “for the Greatest Benefit to Mankind”. The foundations for the prize laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize.

The first Nobel Prizes awarded in 1901, five years after Nobel’s death. Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and for work in peace. In 1969,  another prize added “The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel”. The Prize includes a Nobel diploma, a medal, and 10 million Swedish crowns per prize. All Nobel Prizes awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, except for the Nobel Peace Prize, awarded in Oslo, Norway. Norway and Sweden  situated in Scandinavia, northern Europe. Oslo is the capital of Norway and Stockholm is the capital of Sweden.